Exploring the Lived Experiences of Faculty and Students of Saveh University of Medical Sciences Regarding Virtual Education during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Study

10.22038/hmed.2025.83724.1432
Volume 17, Issue 2
Spring 2026
Pages 7-27

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Department of Emergency Medicine, Saveh University of Medical Sciences, Saveh, Iran

2 Department of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

Abstract
Introduction: Despite its numerous advantages, replacing in-person education with virtual education is a more complex and challenging issue. This study aims to elucidate the experiences of faculty and students at Saveh University of medical sciences with virtual education during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Materials & Methods: This qualitative study employed a conventional content analysis approach. The participants included 11 faculty members and 54 students from various disciplines at Saveh University of Medical Sciences, including nursing, emergency medical services, operating room technology, anesthesia, health information technology, environmental health, occupational health, public health, and midwifery. A purposive sampling method was used to recruit participants. Data were collected through in-depth individual and semi-structured group interviews. The time and location of the interviews were determined based on the participants' preferences. The average duration of the interviews was 60 minutes. Data analysis was conducted using the Graneheim and Lundman method.
Results: Through content analysis, two main categories, including the advantages and challenges of virtual education, were identified. The advantages and challenges were further classified into three subcategories each, covering virtual education benefits and challenges for students, faculty, and the university and educational system.
Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, alongside the benefits that virtual education offers to students, faculty, and the educational system, challenges and weaknesses also exist. With proper forecasting, planning, and policy-making in human, financial, and support resources, virtual education can be developed and utilized as a complementary and effective form of education in the future.

Acknowledgments: This study is derived from an approved research plan of the Saveh School of Medical Sciences. We hereby express our gratitude and appreciation to the Research Vice-Chancellery of Saveh School of Medical Sciences for providing the necessary budget for conducting this study, and to all the professors and students participating in this study for their cooperation.

Availability of data and materials: The datasets analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

Conflicts of interest: The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest regarding the publication of the results of this article.

Consent for publication: Not applicable

Ethical approval and consent to participate:This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Saveh University of Medical Sciences under the code IR.SAVEHUMS.REC.1399.021. Written informed consent was obtained from participants for their participation in the study and for audio recording. Participants were informed that their participation in the study was voluntary. The participants' data were analyzed and reported anonymously and confidentially. The study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki.

Funding: This study was conducted with financial support from the Research Vice-Chancellery of Saveh School of Medical Sciences, code 1399.021.

Authors’ Contributions:Authors’ Contributions: M. Saeidi: Conceptualization 50%, Study design 50%, Data collection and/or processing 50%, Analysis and/or interpretation 75%, Writing the original draft 100%, Critical review and editing 25%, Finalization 75%, Accountability for all aspects of the work 75%.S. Taleb: Conceptualization 50%, Study design 50%, Data collection and/or processing 50%, Analysis and/or interpretation 25%, Writing the original draft 0%, Critical review and editing 75%, Finalization 25%, Accountability for all aspects of the work 25%.

Open Access Policy: This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0), which permits any non-commercial use, sharing, adaptation, distribution, and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original author(s) and source are properly credited. To view a copy of this licence, visit.
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

Keywords

1.Al-Okaily M, Alqudah H, Matar A, Lutfi A, Taamneh A. Dataset on the Acceptance of e-learning System among Universities Students' under the COVID-19 Pandemic Conditions. Data in brief.2020;32:106176.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2020.106176
PMid:32837976 PMCid:PMC7434304
2.Fallahi-Khoshkenab M. Comparison of virtual education challenges in nursing before and after COVID-19; A systematic review. Iranian Journal of Systematic Review in Medical Sciences. 2021;2(1):81-103. 
3.Tumwesige J. Covid-19 Educational Disruption and Response: Rethinking e-Learning in Uganda. Nairobi, Kenya: Konrad Adnauer Stiftung; 2020.
4.Mian A, Khan S. Medical education during pandemics: a UK perspective. BMC medicine. 2020;18:1-2.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-020-01577-yPMid:32268900 PMCid:PMC7141929
5.Zhang X, De Pablos PO, Xu Q. Culture effects on the knowledge sharing in multi-national virtual classes: A mixed method. Computers in Human Behavior.2014;31:491-8.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2013.04.021
6.Alves P, Miranda L, Morais C. The influence of virtual learning environments in students' performance. Universal Journal of Educational Research.2017;5(3):517-27.
https://doi.org/10.13189/ujer.2017.050325
7.Dehghani A, Kojuri J, Dehghani MR, Keshavarzi A, Najafipour S. Experiences of students and faculty members about using virtual social networks in education: A qualitative content analysis. Journal of Advances in Medical Education & Professionalism. 2019;7(2):86.
8.Mortazavi F, Salehabadi R, Sharifzadeh M, Ghardashi F. Students' perspectives on the virtual teaching challenges in the COVID-19 pandemic: A qualitative study. Journal of education and health promotion.2021;10(1):50.https://doi.org/10.4103/jehp.jehp_861_20PMid:34084806 PMCid:PMC8057160 
9.Kian M. Challenges of virtual education: a report of what are not learned. Interdisciplinary Journal of Virtual Learning in Medical Sciences. 2020;5(3):11-21.
10.Hoq MZ. E-Learning during the period of pandemic (COVID-19) in the kingdom of Saudi Arabia: an empirical study. American Journal of Educational Research. 2020;8(7):457-64.
11.Mukhtar K, Javed K, Arooj M, Sethi A. Advantages, Limitations and Recommendations for online learning during COVID-19 pandemic era. Pakistan journal of medical sciences. 2020;36(COVID19-S4):S27.https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.COVID19S4.2785
PMid:32582310 PMCid:PMC7306967
12.Ghafourifard M. The promotion of Virtual Education in Iran: The Potential which Turned into reality by Coronavirus. Iranian Journal of Medical Education. 2020;20(0):33-4.
13.Mushtaha E, Dabous SA, Alsyouf I, Ahmed A, Abdraboh NR. The challenges and opportunities of online learning and teaching at engineering and theoretical colleges during the pandemic. Ain Shams Engineering Journal. 2022;13(6):101770.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asej.2022.101770PMCid:PMC8942013 
14.Bint-e-Khurshid S. A Opportunities and Challenges of Online Teaching and Learning during COVID-19 Lockdown from Faculty's and Students' Perspective at Women Medical & Dental College Abbottabad. Journal of Women Medical and Dental College.2022;1(1).doi:10.56600/jwmdc
https://doi.rg/10.56600/jwmdc.v1i1.19
15.Hayat AA, Keshavarzi MH, Zare S, Bazrafcan L, Rezaee R, Faghihi SA, et al. Challenges and opportunities from the COVID-19 pandemic in medical education: a qualitative study. BMC MedicalEducation.2021;21(1):247.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-021-02682-zPMid:33926439 PMCid:PMC8082480
16.Tolyat M, Vagharseyyedin SA, Nakhaei M. Education of nursing profession amid COVID-19 Pandemic: A qualitative study. Journal of Advances in Medical Education & Professionalism. 2022;10(1):39.
17.Bdair IA. Nursing students' and faculty members' perspectives about online learning during COVID-19 pandemic: A qualitative study. Teaching and Learning in Nursing. 2021;16(3):220-6.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.teln.2021.02.008
18.Parvizi S, Hajbagheri A, Salsali M. Principles and methods of qualitative research. first ed. Tehran: Jameenegar; 2015.
19.Saeedi M, Parvizy S. Strategies to promote academic motivation in nursing students: A qualitative study. Journal of education and health promotion.2019;8(1):86.https://doi.org/10.4103/jehp.jehp_436_18PMid:31143803 PMCid:PMC6512221
20.Polit DF, Beck CT. Nursing research: Generating and assessing evidence for nursing practice. Philadelphia Wolters Kluwer, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2008.
21.Azizi Z, Hosseininejad H. Opportunities and threats of virtual education during the corona pandemic: a phenomenological study. Information and communication technology quarterly in educational sciences. 2021;12(2):153-73.
22.Dung DTH. The advantages and disadvantages of virtual learning. IOSR Journal of Research & Method in Education. 2020;10(3): 45-8.
23.Lovrić R, Farčić N, Mikšić Š, Včev A. Studying during the COVID-19 pandemic: A qualitative inductive content analysis of nursing students' perceptions and experiences. Education Sciences. 2020;10(7):188.https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci10070188
24.Abbasi F, Hijaz G, Hakim Zadeh R. Experience living elementary school teachers the opportunities and challenges of teaching in educational network of students (Shad): a phenomenological study. Teaching research. 2020;8(3):20-40.
25.Kazem Nejadi H, Nemat Shahrbabaki A, Mirnejad S, editors. Challenges of Virtual Education, Practical Calligraphy and Letter Design Course at University. National Conference on Virtualization of Workshop and Practical Courses in the Field of Art, Challenges and Solutions, Ahvaz; 2020.
26.Mosayebi M, Rezapour Mirsaleh Y, Behjati F. The problems and challenges of virtual education in elementary school during the outbreak of coronavirus. Quarterly Journal of Education Studies. 2021;7(27):87-108.
27.Ghodratnama A, Sabet MR, Jabari O. The acceptance model of e-learning during the coronavirus pandemic. Journal of Modern Medical InformationSciences.2021;7(4):24-32.
https://doi.org/10.52547/jmis.7.4.24
28.Sadati L, Nouri Z, Hajfiroozabadi M, Abjar R. Faculty Members' Experiences About Virtual Education Opportunities and Challenges During The Covid-19: A Qualitative Study. Journal of Medical Education Development.2021;14(42):1-10.https://doi.org/10.52547/edcj.14.42.1
29.Harerimana A, Mtshali NG, Hewing H, Maniriho F, Borauzima-Kyamusoke E, Mukankaka A. E-learning in nursing education in Rwanda: Benefits and challenges. An exploration of participants' perceptives. IOSR J Nurs & Health Sci. 2016;5(2):29.
30.Lakbala P. Barriers in implementing E-learning in Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences. Global journal of health science. 2016;8(7):83.https://doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v8n7p83PMid:26925885 PMCid:PMC4965673 
31.Hajizadeh A, Azizi G, Keyhan G. Analyzing the opportunities and challenges of e-learning in the Corona era: An approach to the development of e-learning in the post-Corona. Research in Teaching. 2021;9(1):204-174. 
32.Keshavarzi MH, Arabshahi SKS, Gharrahee B, Sohrabi Z, Mardani-Hamooleh M. Exploration of faculty members' perceptions about virtual education challenges in medical sciences: a qualitative study. Journal of Advances in Medical Education & Professionalism. 2019;7(1):27.
33.Salimi S, Fardin MA. The Role of corona virus in virtual education, with an emphasis on opportunities and challenges. Research in school and virtual learning. 2020;8(2):49-60.
34.Harjanto T, Sumunar DS, Putri KA, editors. E-Learning implementation on clinical rotation nursing education: A case report of Universitas Gadjah Mada. 2018 4th International Conference on Science and Technology (ICST); 2018: IEEE.https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSTC.2018.8528612
35.Almarzooq ZI, Lopes M, Kochar A. Virtual learning during the COVID-19 pandemic: a disruptive technology in graduate medical education. American College of Cardiology Foundation Washington DC; 2020. p. 2635-8.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2020.04.015PMid:32304797 PMCid:PMC7159871
36.Posey L, Pintz C. Transitioning a bachelor of science in nursing program to blended learning: Successes, challenges & outcomes. Nurse education inpractice.2017;26:126-33.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nepr.2016.10.006PMid:28277260
37.Gaston T, Lynch S. Does Using a Course Design Framework Better Engage our Online Nursing Students? Teaching and Learning in Nursing. 2019;14(1):69-71.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.teln.2018.11.001
38.Gholipour Mofrad Dashtaki D, Mohammadi A, Zolfaghari M, Imani S, Tahmasebian S. The relationship of satisfaction and usage of virtual learning facilities with learning style in medical, health, and operating room students. Strides in Development of Medical Education. 2020;17(1):1-6.