1 .Holden AC. Cosmetic dentistry: a socioethical
evaluation. Bioethics. 2018;32(1):602-10.
https://doi.org/10.1111/bioe.12498.
2 .Blatz MB. Chiche G. Bahat O. Roblee R.
Coachman C. Heymann HO. Evolution of
Aesthetic Dentistry. Journal of dental research.
2019:98(12):1294-304.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0022034519875450.
3 .Araujo E. Perdigão J. Anterior veneer
restorations-an evidence-based minimal-
intervention perspective. Journal of Adhesive
Dentistry. 2021;23(1):91-110.
4 .Holden AC. Consumed by prestige: the mouth,
consumerism and the dental profession. Medicine,
Health Care and Philosophy. 2020;23(1):261-8.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11019-019-09924-4.
5 .Doughty J. Lala R. Marshman Z. The dental
public health implications of cosmetic dentistry: a
scoping review of the literature. Community Dental
Health Journal. 2016;33(1):218-24.
https://doi.org/10.1922/CDH_3881Doughty07.
6 .Ahmad I. Risk management in clinical practice.
Part 5. Ethical considerations for dental
enhancement procedures. British Dental Journal.
2010;209(1):207-14.
https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.bdj.2010.769.
7 .Imre MM. Preoteasa E. Tancu AMC. Preoteasa
CT. Pantea M. Perlea P. Ethical limits between
aesthetic and cosmetic dentistry. Romanian Journal
of Military Medicine. 2018;121(1):16-20.
https://doi.org/10.55453/rjmm.2018.121.2.2.
8 .Hirata R. Sampaio CS. de Andrade OS. Kina S.
Goldstein RE. Ritter AV. Quo vadis, esthetic
dentistry? Ceramic veneers and overtreatment—A
cautionary tale. Journal of Esthetic and Restorative
Dentistry. 2021;34(1):7-14.
https://doi.org/10.1111/jerd.12838.
9 .Sykes LM. Evans WG. Gani F. " In my mouth":
Part 11: Ethical concerns regarding dental over-
treatment and under-treatment. South African
Dental Journal. 2017;72(1):281-3.
http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2519-
0105/2017/v72no6a9.
10 .Kazemian A. Berg I. Finkel C. Yazdani S.
Zeilhofer HF. Juergens P. et al. How much dentists
are ethically concerned about overtreatment; a
vignette-based survey in Switzerland. BMC
medical ethics. 2015;16(1):43.
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12910-015-0036-6.
11 .Asadzadeh n. gharechahi j. ghorbaneyan f.
rejatei h. Surveying Dentists Graduated from
Mashhad Dental School about Educational
Curriculum and Their Professional Requirements.
Horizons of Medical Education Development.
2016;7(1):4-13.
12 .Zabar S. Hanley K. Stevens D. Murphy J.
Burgess A. Kalet A. et al. Unannounced
standardized patients: a promising method of
assessing patient-centered care in your health care
system. BMC Health Services Research.
2014;14(1):1-8. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6963-
14-157.
13 .Park SE. Anderson NK. Karimbux NY. OSCE
and Case Presentations As Active Assessments of
Dental Student Performance. Journal of Dental
Education. 2016;80(1):334-8.
14 .Frazer M. Lindsay S. Development of a
questionnaire to measure concern for dental
appearance. Psychological Reports.
2001;89(1):425-30.
https://doi.org/10.2466/pr0.2001.89.2.425.
15 .Honigman RJ. Jackson AC. Dowling NA. The
Preface: a preoperative psychosocial screen for
elective facial cosmetic surgery and cosmetic
dentistry patients. Annals of Plastic Surgery.
2011;66(1):16-23.
https://doi.org/10.1097/SAP.0b013e3181d50e54.
16 .Shetty D. Bhat S. Recognition of oral and
maxillofacial surgeons by dental Professionals and
their Perceptions regarding cosmetic facial surgery
- a questionnaire-based study. Journal of Oral and
Maxillofacial Surgery. 2019;77(1):1-7.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joms.2019.08.008.
17 .Howley L. Szauter K. Perkowski L. Clifton M.
McNaughton N. Quality of standardised patient
research reports in the medical education literature:
review and recommendations. Medical Education
2008;42(1):350-8.
18 .Cortés-Rodríguez AE. Roman P. López-
Rodríguez MM. Fernández-Medina IM. Fernández-
Sola C. Hernández-Padilla JM. Role-Play versus
Standardised Patient Simulation for Teaching
Interprofessional Communication in Care of the
Elderly for Nursing Students. Healthcare
2022;10(1):1-8.
19 .Escribano S. Cabañero-Martínez MJ.
Fernández-Alcántara M. García-Sanjuán S.
Montoya-Juárez R. Juliá-Sanchis R. Efficacy of a
Standardised Patient Simulation Programme for
Chronicity and End-of-Life Care Training in
Undergraduate Nursing Students. International
Journal of Environmental Research and Public
Health. 2021;18(21):11673.
20 .Dios PD. González NP. Lestón JS. Carmona IT.
Posse JL. Varela-Centelles P. “Scheduling delay”
in oral cancer diagnosis: a new protagonist. Oral
Oncollogy. 2005;41(1):142-6.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oraloncology.2004.07.008.
21 .Hompashe DM. Gerdtham U-G. Christian CS.
Smith A. Burger R. ‘The nurse did not even greet
me’: how informed versus non-informed patients
evaluate health systems responsiveness in South
Africa. BMJ Global Health. 2021;6(1):e004360.
22 .Daniels B. Shah D. Kwan AT. Das R. Das V.
Puri V. et al. Tuberculosis diagnosis and
management in the public versus private sector: a
standardised patients study in Mumbai, India. BMJ
Glob Health 2022;7(1):009657.
23 .Mafi E. Abdoulahzadeh M. Assessment of
Social sustainability in Mashhad Metropolis.
Journal of Urban Ecology Researches.
2017;8(1):65-78.
24 .Morse JM. The significance of saturation.
Qualitative Health Research. 1995;5(2):147-9.
25 .Merriam SB. Qualitative Research: A Guide to
Design and Implementation. New Jersey: John
Wiley & Sons; 2009.
26 .Pinho S. Ciriaco C. Faber J. Lenza MA. Impact
of dental asymmetries on the perception of smile
esthetics. American Journal of Orthodontics and
Dentofacial Orthopedics. 2007;132(1):748-53.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2006.01.039.
27 .de Deus Tupinambá Rodrigues C. Magnani R.
Machado MSC. Oliveira Jr OB. The perception of
smile attractiveness: variations from esthetic
norms, photographic framing and order of
presentation. Angle Orthodontist. 2009;79(1):634-
9. https://doi.org/10.2319/030508-131.1.
28 .Springer NC. Chang C. Fields HW. Beck FM.
Firestone AR. Rosenstiel S. et al. Smile esthetics
from the layperson’s perspective. American Journal
of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics.
2011;139(1):91-101.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2010.06.019.
29 .Holden AC. Adam L. Thomson WM.
Overtreatment as an ethical dilemma in Australian
private dentistry: A qualitative exploration.
Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology.
2021;49(1):201-8.
https://doi.org/10.1111/cdoe.12592.
30 .Simonsen RJ. Commerce versus care: troubling
trends in the ethics of esthetic dentistry. Dental
Clinics of North America. 2007;51(1):281-7.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cden.2007.03.002.
31 .Mtolo TM. Motloba PD. Grillz and Gold Teeth-
Esthetic, Economics and Ethics. South African
Dental Journal. 2021;76(1):498-500.
http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2519-
0105/2021/v76no8a10.
32 .Majumder D. Hegde MN. Singh S. Gupta A.
Acharya SR. Karunakar P. et al. Recommended
clinical practice guidelines of aesthetic dentistry for
Indians: An expert consensus. Journal of
Conservative Dentistry. 2022;25(1):110-21.
https://doi.org/10.4103/jcd.jcd_32_22.
33 .Al Shahrani I. Self-perception of personal
dental appearance among students of King Khaled
University Abha, Saudi Arabia. European Journal
of General Dentistry. 2014;3(1):181-4.
https://doi.org/10.4103/2278-9626.141662.
34 .Al-Omiri MK. Karasneh JA. Lynch E. Lamey
P-J. Clifford TJ. Impacts of missing upper anterior
teeth on daily living. International Dental Journal.
2009;59(1):127-32.
https://doi.org/10.1922/IDJ_1994ALOmiri06.
35 .Afshar MK. Eskandarizadeh A. Torabi M.
Mousavi MJ. Mohammadzadeh I. Patient
satisfaction with dental appearance and related
factors—A cross sectional study. Journal of
Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences.
2019;8(1):3569-75.
https://doi.org/10.14260/jemds/2019/771.
36 .Akarslan ZZ. Sadik B. Erten H. Karabulut E.
Dental esthetic satisfaction, received and desired
dental treatments for improvement of esthetics.
Indian Journal of Dental Research. 2009;20(2):195-
200. https://doi.org/10.4103/0970-
9290.5290210.4103/2278-9626.141662.
37 .Lajnert V. Kovačević-Pavičić D. Pezo H.
Stevanović A. Jović T. Šnjarić D. et al. Patients'
general satisfaction with the appearance of anterior
maxillary teeth. Vojnosanitetski Pregled.
2017;74(1):520-5.
https://doi.org/10.2298/VSP151110248L.
38 .Alkhatib MN. Holt R. Bedi R. Age and
perception of dental appearance and tooth colour.
Gerodontology. 2005;22(1):32-6.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-2358.2004.00045.x.
39 .Xiao J. Zhou X. Zhu W. Zhang B. Li J. Xu X.
The prevalence of tooth discolouration and the
self‐satisfaction with tooth colour in a Chinese
urban population. Journal of Oral Rehabilitation.
2007;34(1):351-60. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-
2842.2007.01729.x.
40 .De Jongh A. Oosterink FMD. van Rood YR.
Aartman IHA. Preoccupation with one's
appearance: a motivating factor for cosmetic dental
treatment? British Dental Journal.
2008;204(1):691-5.
https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.bdj.2008.522.
41 .Fortes JH. de Oliveira-Santos C. Matsumoto W.
da Motta RJG. Tirapelli C. Influence of 2D vs 3D
imaging and professional experience on dental
implant treatment planning. Clinical Oral
Investigations. 2019;23(1):929-36.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-018-2511-1.
42 .Lyu H. Xu T. Brotman D. Mayer-Blackwell B.
Cooper M. Daniel M. et al. Overtreatment in the
united states. PLoS One. 2017;12(1):e0181970.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0181970.
43 .Kale MS. Bishop TF. Federman AD. Keyhani
S. Trends in the overuse of ambulatory health care
services in the United States. JAMA Internal
Medicine. 2013;173(1):142-8 .
44 .Berwick DM. Avoiding overuse - the next
quality frontier. Lancet. 2017;390(1):102-4.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(16)32570-3.
45 .Lee DS. Sulkowski T. Bocklage C. Frazier-
Bowers SA. Wiesen C. Mihas P. et al. Identifying
factors that impact general dentists’ referrals to
orthodontists. American Journal of Orthodontics
and Dentofacial Orthopedics. 2022;161(1):147-71.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2021.07.010.