1. Shumway JM, Harden RM. AMEE Guide
No. 25: The assessment of learning outcomes for
the competent and reflective physician. Medical
teacher. 2003;25(6):569-84.
2. Dennick R, Wilkinson S, Purcell N.
Online eAssessment: AMEE guide No. 39. Medical
teacher 2009;31(3):192-206.
3. Mtebe JS, Raphael C. Key factors in
learners’ satisfaction with the e-learning system at
the University of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
Australasian Journal of Educational Technology.
2018;34(4):107-22.
4. Venkateswari SL. Using E-Assessment to
Attain the Desired Learning Outcome in Higher
Education. Language in India. 2020;20(4):15-26.
5. Westhuizen D. Guidelines for Online
Assessment for Educators. Burnaby:
Commonwealth of learning; 2016.
6. Grant MJ, Booth A. A typology of
reviews: an analysis of 14 review types and
associated methodologies. Health Information &
Libraries Journal. 2009;26(2):91-108.
7. Xu X, Kauer S, Tupy S. Multiple-choice
questions: Tips for optimizing assessment in-seat
and online. Scholarship of Teaching and Learning
in Psychology. 2016;2(2):147-158.
8. Burton SJ, Sudweeks RR, Merrill PF,
Wood B. How to prepare better multiple-choice
test items: Guidelines for university faculty. Provo:
Brigham Young University and Department of
Instructional Science; 1991.
9. Albanese MA. Type K and other complex
multiple-choice items: An analysis of research and
item properties. Educational Measurement: Issues
and Practice. 1993;12(1):28-33.
10. Saif A. Educational
Measurement,Assessment and Evaluation. Tehran:
DoranPublishers; 2008.
11. Cann AJ. Extended matching sets
questions for online numeracy assessments: a case
study. Assessment & Evaluation in Higher
Education. 2005;30(6):633-40.
12. Jalili M, Khabaz.mafinejad M,
Gandomkar R, Mortaz.Hejri S. Priniciple and
Methods of Student Assessment in Health
Profession. Tehran: The Academy of Medical
Sciences; 2017.
13. Cluskey Jr G, Ehlen CR, Raiborn MH.
Thwarting online exam cheating without proctor
supervision. Journal of Academic and Business
Ethics. 2011;4(1):1-7.
14. Rezayizade M, bandali B, Shahverdi R.
Instruction and evaluation methodes in virtual
class. Tehran: Shahid Beheshti University; 2020.
15. Amin HA, Shehata MH, Ahmed SA. Step-
by-step Guide to Create Competency-Based
Assignments as an Alternative for Traditional
Summative Assessment. MedEdPublish.
2020;9(120):1-28.
16. Wolf DP. Portfolio assessment: Sampling
student work. Effective School Research Abstract;
1989.
17. Gülbahar Y, Tinmaz H. Implementing
project-based learning and e-portfolio assessment
in an undergraduate course. Journal of Research on
Technology in Education. 2006;38(3):309-27.
18. Masters K, Ellaway R. e-Learning in
medical education Guide 32 Part 2: Technology,
management and design. Medical teacher.
2008;30(5):474-89.
19. Dichev C, Dicheva D. Gamifying
education: what is known, what is believed and
what remains uncertain: a critical review.
International journal of educational technology in
higher education. 2017;14(9):1-36.
20. Hatami J, Rezaei E, Maleki M.
Assessment ans Evaluation in E-Learning. Tarbiat
Modares University Press; 2019.
21. Kiryakova G, Angelova N, Yordanova L,
editors. Gamification in education. Proceedings of
9th International Balkan Education and Science
Conference; 2014.
22. Fischer MR, Kopp V, Holzer M, Ruderich
F, Jünger J. A modified electronic key feature
examination for undergraduate medical students:
validation threats and opportunities. Medical
Teacher. 2005;27(5):450-5.
23. Hrynchak P, Glover Takahashi S, Nayer
M. Key‐feature questions for assessment of clinical
reasoning: a literature review. Medical Education.
2014;48(9):870-83.
24. Jesmi A, Jouybari L, Sanagoo A. Can We
Use the Clinical Integrative Puzzle (CIP) For the
Assessment of Clinical Reasoning in Nursing
Students? Iranian Journal of Medical Education.
2018;18(0):106-8.
25. Yaghmaei M, Monajemi A. Reflection on
the implementation of PMP (patient management
problem) in licensing exams in Iran. Iranian
Journal of Medical Education. 2020;20(0):269-71.
26. Shayan S, Sabouri M, Salehi A. A Guid to
assessment of clinical competence using an
objective structured clinical examination. Isfahan:
Education IUom; 2003.
27. Shayan S. Using Patient Management
Problem (EPMP) in Assessment of Clinical
Competency. Iranian Journal of Medical Education.
2011;10(5):1087-92.
28. Takabayashi K, Fujikawa K, Suzuki T,
Yamazaki S, Honda M, Amaral M, et al.
Implementation and evaluation of computerized
patient management problems. Medinfo Medinfo.
1995;8:1218-21